Answer :
(a) [tex]E(r) = \frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon_0 r^2}[/tex]
We can solve the different part of the problem by using Gauss theorem.
Considering a Gaussian spherical surface with radius r<a (inside the shell), we can write:
[tex]E(r) \cdot 4\pi r^2 = \frac{q}{\epsilon_0}[/tex]
where q is the charge contained in the spherical surface, so
[tex]q=5.00 C[/tex]
Solving for E(r), we find the expression of the field for r<a:
[tex]E(r) = \frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon_0 r^2}[/tex]
(b) 0
The electric field strength in the region a < r < b is zero. This is due to the fact that the charge +q placed at the center of the shell induces an opposite charge -q on the inner surface of the shell (r=a), while the outer surface of the shell (r=b) will acquire a net charge of +q.
So, if we use Gauss theorem for the region a < r < b, we get
[tex]E(r) \cdot 4\pi r^2 = \frac{q'}{\epsilon_0}[/tex]
however, the charge q' contained in the Gaussian sphere of radius r is now the sum of the charge at the centre (+q) and the charge induced on the inner surface of the shell (-q), so
q' = + q - q = 0
And so we find
E(r) = 0
(c) [tex]E(r) = \frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon_0 r^2}[/tex]
We can use again Gauss theorem:
[tex]E(r) \cdot 4\pi r^2 = \frac{q'}{\epsilon_0}[/tex] (1)
where this time r > b (outside the shell), so the gaussian surface this time contained:
- the charge +q at the centre
- the inner surface, with a charge of -q
- the outer surface, with a charge of +q
So the net charge is
q' = +q -q +q = +q
And so solving (1) we find
[tex]E(r) = \frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon_0 r^2}[/tex]
which is identical to the expression of the field inside the shell.
(d) [tex]-12.3 C/m^2[/tex]
We said that at r = a, a charge of -q is induced. The induced charge density will be
[tex]\sigma_a = \frac{-q}{4\pi a^2}[/tex]
where [tex]4 \pi a^2[/tex] is the area of the inner surface of the shell. Substituting
q = 5.00 C
a = 0.18 m
We find the induced charge density:
[tex]\sigma_a = \frac{-5.00 C}{4\pi (0.18 m)^2}=-12.3 C/m^2[/tex]
(e) [tex]-1.9 C/m^2[/tex]
We said that at r = b, a charge of +q is induced. The induced charge density will be
[tex]\sigma_b = \frac{+q}{4\pi b^2}[/tex]
where [tex]4 \pi b^2[/tex] is the area of the outer surface of the shell. Substituting
q = 5.00 C
b = 0.46 m
We find the induced charge density:
[tex]\sigma_b = \frac{+5.00 C}{4\pi (0.46 m)^2}=-1.9 C/m^2[/tex]