When electrons transfer from one atom to another, both atoms becomes ions and are held together by ionic bond.
The above statement is true because:
1. A metal loses (i.e transfer) electron(s) to form ion. For example, sodium, Na loses 1 electron to form sodium ion, Na⁺
Na —> Na⁺ + e ........ (1)
2. Non-metal accept electron(s) to form ion. Form example, fluorine, F accept 1 electron to form fluoride ion, F¯
F + e —> F¯............ (2)
Combining equation 1 and 2, we have:
Na + F + e —> Na⁺ + F¯ + e
Cancel e from both side
Na + F —> Na⁺F¯
NOTE: The bond that exist between a metal and non-metal is called ionic bond.
When electrons are shared between atoms, a covalent bond forms between the atoms, and the joined atoms become a molecule
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share their valence electron to attend a stable configuration of the noble gas family.
All covalent compound are simply referred to as molecules. For example, hydrogen atom can combine with another hydrogen atom by sharing its valence electron to form a molecule called hydrogen gas, H₂
H + H —> H₂
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