Answer :
Here's the sum rule for the tangent function:
[tex]\tan(a+b)=\dfrac{\tan(a)+\tan(b)}{1-\tan(a)\tan(b)}[/tex]
In the special case a=b, this becomes the double angle formula:
[tex]\tan(a+a)=\tan(2a)=\dfrac{\tan(a)+\tan(a)}{1-\tan(a)\tan(a)}=\dfrac{2\tan(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)}[/tex]
In your case, you case use the sum rule once:
[tex]\tan(3a)=\tan(2a+a)=\dfrac{\tan(2a)+\tan(a)}{1-\tan(2a)\tan(a)}[/tex]
And use it again, in the special case of the double angle:
[tex]\dfrac{\dfrac{2\tan(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)}+\tan(a)}{1-\dfrac{2\tan(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)}\tan(a)}[/tex]
We can obvisouly simplify this expression a lot: let's deal with the numerator and denominator separately: the numerator is
[tex]\dfrac{2\tan(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)}+\tan(a) = \dfrac{2\tan(a)+\tan(a)-\tan^3(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)}[/tex]
and the denominator is
[tex]1-\dfrac{2\tan(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)}\tan(a) = \dfrac{1-\tan^2(a)-2\tan^2(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)} = \dfrac{1-3\tan^2(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)}[/tex]
So, the fraction is
[tex]\dfrac{2\tan(a)+\tan(a)-\tan^3(a)}{1-\tan^2(a)}\cdot \dfrac{1-\tan^2(a)}{1-3\tan^2(a)} = \dfrac{2\tan(a)+\tan(a)-\tan^3(a)}{1-3\tan^2(a)}[/tex]