Answer :
A) Polaris is much farther from Earth than the Sun -is the reason why Polaris although about 46 times larger than the Sun, the Sun appears brighter than Polaris from Earth.
Explanation:
Astronomers define the brightness of a star based on its apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude. The apparent magnitude tells about how bright does a star looks from the Earth. The absolute magnitude of star is its brightness or magnitude at a standard distance of 10 parsecs or 32.6 light-years.
Accordingly,
The apparent magnitude of Sun is 26.74; while that of Polaris is 2.02
The absolute magnitude of Sun is 4.63; while that of Polaris is 3.6
The Sun is at a distance of 0.000015649 light years from the Earth; while the Polaris is 434 light years from the Earth. A star appears brighter from the Earth due to the closeness of the star to the Earth.
All these factors make the Sun appear brighter than the Polaris .