Proximate cause: a. is no longer an element of negligence. b. was established in the Palsgraf case. c. need not be proved in every negligence case. d. is the same as causation.

Answer :

Answer:

d. is the same as causation.

Explanation:

In a legal sense, the term proximate cause refers to a thing that happened to cause something else to occur. This is usually brought up when something has gone wrong, such as an automobile accident in which someone was injured and the courts deem the event to be the cause of that injury.