Answer:
B, C, E
Explanation:
Informal learning is done through experience, or other methods of non-standard material. With informal learning, the learning decides if/when they are complete rather than an instructor or test score.
Let's dissect the answer choices:
A - "a nursing assistant taking an online class on ethics" This is formal learning because it is done through an educational class.
The class decides when the nurse has accomplished this skill.
This is not an answer
B - "a nurse practicing administering vaccinations on a dummy arm" This is informal learning because it is done alone, and through experience.
The nurse decides when they have accomplished this skill.
This is an answer
C - "a resident shadowing a doctor for a day in the emergency room" This is informal learning because it happens out of a brick-and-mortor educational building.
The resident decides if they have accomplished this skill.
This is an answer
D - "a nursing assistant the state exam to become qualified" This is formal learning because it is done through official testing.
The test decides if the nursing assistant has accomplished this skill.
This is not an answer
E - "a nursing assistant who observes a coworker communicating effectively with a patient's mother" This is informal learning because it is done through observation.
The nursing assistant describes if they have accomplished this skill.
This is an answer