Find the unit tangent vector T and the principal unit normal vector N for the following parameterized curve.
Verify that T= N = 1 and T.N = 0.
(a) r(t) = (10 cos t^2, 10 sin t^2) for 0 < t < 2 pi
(b) r(t) = (t^2/2 , 1-6t, -9)

Answer :

Answer:

a.

[tex]T(t) = ( -sin(t^2), cos(t^2) )\\\\N(t) = T'(t) / |T'(t) | = (-cos(t^2) , -sin(t^2))[/tex]

b.

[tex]T(t) =r'(t)/|r'(t)| = (2t/ \sqrt{4t^2 + 36} , -6/\sqrt{4t^2 + 36},0)[/tex]

[tex]N(t) =T(t)/|T'(t)| = (3/(9 + t^2)^{1/2} , t/(9 + t^2)^{1/2},0)[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Remember that for any curve      [tex]r(t)[/tex]  

The tangent vector is given by

[tex]T(t) = \frac{r'(t) }{| r'(t)| }[/tex]

And the normal vector is given by

[tex]N(t) = \frac{T'(t)}{|T'(t)|}[/tex]

a.

For this case, using the chain rule

[tex]r'(t) = ( -10*2tsin(t^2) , 102t cos(t^2) )\\[/tex]

And also remember that

[tex]|r'(t)| = \sqrt{(-10*2tsin(t^2))^2 + ( 10*2t cos(t^2) )^2} \\\\ = \sqrt{400 t^2*( sin(t^2)^2 + cos(t^2) ^2 })\\=\sqrt{400t^2} = 20t[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]T(t) = r'(t) / |r'(t) | = ( -10*2tsin(t^2) , 10*2t cos(t^2) )/ 20t\\\\ = ( -10*2tsin(t^2)/ 20t , 10*2t cos(t^2) / 20t )\\= ( -sin(t^2), cos(t^2) )[/tex]

Similarly, using the quotient rule and the chain rule

[tex]T'(t) = ( -2t cos(t^2) , -2t sin(t^2))[/tex]

And also

[tex]|T'(t)| = \sqrt{ ( -2t cos(t^2))^2 + (-2t sin(t^2))^2} = \sqrt{ 4t^2 ( ( cos(t^2))^2 + ( sin(t^2))^2)} = \sqrt{4t^2} \\ = 2t[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]N(t) = T'(t) / |T'(t) | = (-cos(t^2) , -sin(t^2))[/tex]

Notice that

1.   [tex]|N(t)| = |T(t) | = \sqrt{ cos(t^2)^2 + sin(t^2)^2 } = \sqrt{1} = 1[/tex]

2.   [tex]N(t)*T(T) = cos(t^2) sin(t^2 ) - cos(t^2) sin(t^2 ) = 0[/tex]

b.

Simlarly

[tex]r'(t) = (2t,-6,0) \\[/tex]

and

[tex]|r'(t)| = \sqrt{(2t)^2 + 6^2} = \sqrt{4t^2 + 36}[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]T(t) =r'(t)/|r'(t)| = (2t/ \sqrt{4t^2 + 36} , -6/\sqrt{4t^2 + 36},0)[/tex]

Then

[tex]T'(t) = (9/(9 + t^2)^{3/2} , (3 t)/(9 + t^2)^{3/2},0)[/tex]

and also

[tex]|T'(t)| = \sqrt{ ( (9/(9 + t^2)^{3/2} )^2 + ( (3 t)/(9 + t^2)^{3/2})^2 + 0^2 }\\= 3/(t^2 + 9 )[/tex]

And since

[tex]N(t) =T(t)/|T'(t)| = (3/(9 + t^2)^{1/2} , t/(9 + t^2)^{1/2},0)[/tex]

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