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A common structural feature of membrane lipids is their amphipathic nature. For example, in phosphatidylcholine, the two fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and the phosphocholine head group is hydrophilic. For each of the following membrane lipids, name the components that serve as the hydrophobic and hydrophilic units: (a) phosphatidylethanolamine; (b) sphingomyelin; (c) galactosylcerebroside; (d) ganglioside; (e) cholestrol.

Answer :

tochinwachukwu33

Answer:

A. Phosphatidylethanolamine:

phosphoethanolamine (hydrophilic) 2 fatty acids (hydrophobic )

B. Sphingomyelin:

phosphocholine (hydrophilic) ceramide (sphingosine + 1 fatty acid) (hydrophobic )

C. Galactosylcerebroside:

D-galactose (hydrophilic) ceramide (hydrophobic )

D. Ganglioside:

oligosaccharide (hydrophilic) ceramide (hydrophobic )

E. Cholesterol:

-OH group (hydrophilic) hydrocarbon ring skeleton (hydrophobic )

Explanation:

The amphipathic nature of lipids shows  that all lipids have a hydrophilic (water-loving or polar end) and a hydrophobic  (water fearing or non-polar end.)

The various lipids in question, and their ampiphatic groups are detailed above.

luisvaschetto

Phosphatidylethanolamine contains one hydrophilic phosphoethanolamine and hydrophobic fatty acids, whereas sphingomyelin contains one hydrophilic phosphocholine and one hydrophobic fatty acid.

  • A galactocerebroside is a cerebroside consisting of a ceramide (hydrophobic) with a galactose residue (hydrophilic).

  • Gangliosides consist of a glycosphingolipid, i.e., a hydrophobic ceramide and oligosaccharide, with sialic acids linked on the sugar chain (hydrophilic).

  • Cholesterol is a steroid lipid composed of four hydrocarbon rings (hydrophobic) and a hydrophilic OH group.

In conclusion, Phosphatidylethanolamine contains one hydrophilic phosphoethanolamine and hydrophobic fatty acids, whereas sphingomyelin contains one hydrophilic phosphocholine and one hydrophobic fatty acid.

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