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15. Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, and aluminum powder react explosively producing nitrogen gas, water vapor and aluminum oxide. Write the balanced equation and calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction.

Answer :

Answer:

[tex]2Al_(_S_) ~+~3NH_4NO_3_(_a_q_) ->3N_2_(_g_) ~+~6H_2O_(_g_) ~+~Al_2O_3_(_S_)[/tex]

[tex]Entalpy=-2861.9~KJ[/tex]

Explanation:

In this case, we have to start with the reagents:

[tex]Al~+~NH_4NO_3[/tex]

The compounds given by the problem are:

-) Nitrogen gas =  [tex]N_2[/tex]

-) Water vapor  =  [tex]H_2O[/tex]

-) Aluminum oxide =  [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

Now, we can put the products in the reaction:

[tex]Al_(_S_) ~+~NH_4NO_3_(_aq_) ->N_2_(_g_) ~+~H_2O_(_g_) ~+~Al_2O_3_(_S_) [/tex]

When we balance the reaction we will obtain:

[tex]2Al_(_S_) ~+~3NH_4NO_3_(_a_q_) ->3N_2_(_g_) ~+~6H_2O_(_g_) ~+~Al_2O_3_(_S_)[/tex]

Now, for the enthalpy change, we have to find the standard enthalpy values:

[tex]Al_(_S_)=0~KJ/mol[/tex]

[tex]NH_4NO_3_(_a_q_)=-132.0~KJ/mol[/tex]

[tex]N_2_(_g_)=0~KJ/mol[/tex]

[tex]H_2O_(_g_)=~-~241.8~KJ/mol[/tex]

[tex]Al_2O_3_(_S_)=~-~1675.7~KJ/mol[/tex]

With this in mind, if we multiply the number of moles (in the balanced reaction) by the standard enthalpy value,  we can calculate the energy of the reagents:

[tex](0*2)~+~(-132*3)=~-396~KJ[/tex]

And the products:

[tex](0*3)~+~(-241.8*6)~+~(-1675.7*1)=-3125.9~KJ[/tex]

Finally, for the total enthalpy we have to subtract products by reagents :

[tex](-3125.9~KJ)-(-396~KJ)=-2729.9~KJ[/tex]

I hope it helps!

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