Answer :
Answer:
Janet's opportunity cost of making a pizza is 0.67 gallons of root beer, and Megan's opportunity cost of making a pizza is 0.71 gallons of root beer.
Janet has an absolute advantage in making pizza, and Janet has a comparative advantage in making pizza.
If Janet and Megan trade foods with each other, Janet will trade away pizza in exchange for root beer. The price of pizza can be expressed in terms of gallons of root beer. The highest price at which pizza can be traded that would make both roommates better off is 0.71 gallons of root beer, and the lowest price that makes both roommates better off is 0.67 gallons of root beer per pizza.
Explanation:
Janet's opportunity cost to brew a gallon of root beer = 3/2 = 1.5 pizzas
Janet's opportunity cost to make a pizza = 2/3 = 0.67 gallons of root beer
Megan's opportunity cost to brew a gallon of root beer = 7/5 = 1.4 pizzas
Megan's opportunity cost to make a pizza = 5/7 = 0.71 gallons of root beer
Opportunity costs are extra costs or benefits lost that result from choosing one activity or investment over another alternative. E.g. in this case, Janet can either make 1.5 pizzas or 1 gallon of root beer during a 3 hour period, but she cannot make both of the together. She must choose one or the other.