Answer :
The balanced equation is:
2C₆H₆ + 15O₂ —> 6H₂O + 12CO₂
Chemical equation is simply a representation of chemical reaction with symbols and formula of the reactants and products involved in the reaction.
The balancing of chemical equation is guided by the law of conservation of matter which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one for to the other.
Thus, an unbalanced equation simply means that matter has been created or destroyed.
Now, we shall balance the equation given in the question as follow:
C₆H₆ + O₂ —> H₂O + CO₂
There are 6 atoms of H on the left side and 2 atoms on the right side. It can be balance by writing 3 before H₂O as shown below:
C₆H₆ + O₂ —> 3H₂O + CO₂
There are 6 atoms of C on the left side and 1 atom on the right side. It can be balance by writing 6 before CO₂ as shown below:
C₆H₆ + O₂ —> 3H₂O + 6CO₂
There are 2 atoms of O on the left side and a total of 15 atoms on the right side. It can be balance by writing [tex]\frac{15}{2}[/tex] before O₂ as shown below:
C₆H₆ + [tex]\frac{15}{2}[/tex]O₂ —> 3H₂O + 6CO₂
Multiply through by 2 to clear the fraction.
2C₆H₆ + 15O₂ —> 6H₂O + 12CO₂
Now, the equation is balanced.
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Taking into account the Law of Conservation of Mass, the balanced reaction is:
2 C₆H₆ + 15 O₂ → 6 H₂O + 12 CO₂
In first place, you have to know that the Law of Conservation of Mass postulates that "mass is neither created nor destroyed, it only transforms."
This means that the reagents interact with each other and form new products with different physical and chemical properties than the reagents.
But the amount of matter or mass before and after the chemical reaction is always the same, that is, the amounts of the masses involved in a given reaction must be constant at all times, not changing in their proportions when the reaction ends.
So, since the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products, the number of atoms present in the reactants must be kept in the products. Therefore, the equation must be balanced.
To balance the chemical equation, you must first look at the subscripts next to each atom to find the number of atoms in the equation. If the same atom appears in more than one molecule, you must add its amounts.
The coefficients located in front of each molecule indicate the amount of each molecule for the reaction. This coefficient can be modified to balance the equation, just as you should never alter the subscripts.
By multiplying the coefficient mentioned by the subscript, you get the amount of each element present in the reaction.
Then, taking into account all of the above, in this case you can determine the amount of elements on each side of the equation:
Left side: 6 C, 6 H and 2 O
Right side: 1 C, 2 H and 3 O
In first place, you can balanced the C:
C₆H₆ + O₂ → H₂O + 6 CO₂
Then, you have:
Left side: 6 C, 6 H and 2 O
Right side: 6 C, 2 H and 13 O
Now, balanced the H:
C₆H₆ + O₂ → 3 H₂O + 6 CO₂
Then, you have:
Left side: 6 C, 6 H and 2 O
Right side: 6 C, 6 H and 15 O
Finally, balanced the O:
C₆H₆ + [tex]\frac{15}{2}[/tex] O₂ → 3 H₂O + 6 CO₂
Then, you have:
Left side: 6 C, 6 H and 15 O
Right side: 6 C, 6 H and 15 O
The reaction is balanced, but you can't balance a chemical equation with fractions, so multiplying all the stoichiometric coefficients by 2 finally obtains:
2 C₆H₆ + 15 O₂ → 6 H₂O + 12 CO₂
Finally, the balanced reaction is:
2 C₆H₆ + 15 O₂ → 6 H₂O + 12 CO₂
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