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One way that researchers study the effects of trans fats on people's health is by setting up controlled experiments. For example, in an experimental feeding trial, participants agree to stick to specific diets that the researchers prescribe. In this case, the researchers might vary the proportions of saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats in the diet of each participant. Throughout the study, the health status of the participants is monitored closely.
Suppose that you are a researcher designing an experimental feeding trial. How would you set up your study and what limitations would you face?

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One way that researchers study the effects of trans fats on people's health is by setting up controlled experiments. For example, in an experimental feeding trial, participants agree to stick to specific diets that the researchers prescribe. In this case, the researchers might vary the proportions of saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats in the diet of each participant. Throughout the study, the health status of the participants is monitored closely.

Suppose that you are a researcher designing an experimental feeding trial. How would you set up your study and what limitations would you face?

Complete the attached flow chart to identify the elements and limitations of your experimental design.  

Answer:

Hypothesis

Trans fats have a negative effect on cardiovascular health.

Prediction

Eating more trans fats will lead to greater cardiovascular health problems.

Experiment

Feed some people a diet high in trans fats and feed others a diet low in trans fats.

Data Collection

Take blood samples to measure fat and cholesterol levels in the two groups.

Practical Limitations

Is it possible to completely regulate people´s diets?

Are other lifestyle factors affecting cardiovascular health?

Ethical Limitations

Are we putting individuals´health at risk?

Explanation:

In the scientific method, observation drives scientists to ask questions, that can later lead to a hypothesis, meaning a testable answer related to that question. Scientists test their hypotheses by formulating predictions and make experiments to check if they were correct, considering the possible limitations of data and methods.

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The experimental setup including the practical and ethical limitation of the study would be done as follows;

  • Hypothesis : "Trans fats have a negative effect on cardiovascular health."

  • Prediction : "Eating more trans fats will lead to greater cardiovascular health problems."

  • Experiment : "Feed some people a diet high in trans fats and feed others a diet low in trans fats."

  • Data Collection : Take blood samples to measure fat and cholesterol levels in the two groups.

  • Practical limitation : "Are other lifestyle factors affecting cardiovascular health?"

  • Ethical Limitations : "Are we putting individuals´health at risk?"

Experimental studies are embarked upon in other to measure the behavior, impact or effectiveness of a treatment.

  • Hypothesis means the claim we intend to validate with our research or experiment which is; if truly trans fat has a negative effect on cardiovascular health.
  • Prediction : Since our hypothesis connotes the negative effect of fats, then, our expected outcome (prediction) will be witnessing greater cardiovascular health problem as consumption of trans fat increases.
  • Experiment : This is the actual process taken to test our hypothesis.
  • Data Collection : Data from sampled subjects is taken for measurement.
  • Practical limitation : Other probable causes of cardiovascular problems which aren't accounted for in our experiment.
  • ETHICAL limitation : Moral concerns which is likely tampered with by our experiment.

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